digital divide network - article database

The most frequently asked question of ESL professionals by mainstream teachers, administrators, and even politicians concerns how long it should take English language learners to acquire English.nd for certain minerals is tied to different economic activities, not necessarily associated to war, such as the use of barite in drilling muds, also as improved levels of petroleum and natural gas drilling. Throughout the years of barite production (1940 towards the mid-1970s), Arkansas typically ranked as the number-one producer within the United States. Vanadium was found in Garland and Hot Spring counties by 1940, and production began within the early 1970s, continuing till 1991. Vanadium pentaoxide is an crucial steel additive, imparting to steel the ability to hold a sharp edge. The production of clay for bricks began across the state as a result of local community desires early inside the nineteenth century and has now evolved for the production of high-quality decorative and structural brick merchandise by one key company in Hot Spring County. The mining of gypsum and manufacture of wallboard is directly tied towards the cycle of the creating trades. The largest manufacturing plant for wallboard on the planet is located near Nashville (Howard County). Significant production of wallboard began in 1963, and production has been continuous given that that time. The

The Research

How long does it take to learn English? How long should students receive support in language? These are the most frequently asked questions by administrators, school board members and classroom teachers. The most comprehensive work done in this field is the research conducted by Wayne Thomas & Virginia Collier. Thomas&Collier studied the language acquisition of 700,000 English language learners in a longitudinal study from 1982 to 1996. They wanted to find out how long it took students with no background in English to reach native speaker performance (50th percentile) on norm-referenced tests. In addition, they looked at variables such as socioeconomic status, first language, programs used to learn English, and number of years of primary language schooling. In their study, Thomas&Collier found that the most significant variable in how long it takes to learn English is the amount of formal schooling students have received in their first language.

In one study, Thomas & Collier researched a group of Asian and Hispanic students from an affluent suburban school district receiving 1-3 hours second language support per day in a well-regarded ESL program . These students were generally exited from ESL in the first two years. All of the students researched were at or above grade level in native language literacy. Here are the results for students in this study.

Those students who were between 8-11 years old and had 2-3 years of native language education took 5-7 years to test at grade level in English. These were the lucky ones. Students with little or no formal schooling who arrived before the age of eight, took 7-10 years to reach grade level norms in English language literacy. Students who were below grade level in native language literacy also took 7-10 years to reach the 50th percentile. Many of these students never reached grade level norms.

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