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In the recent 20 or more years , along with the steady widening of China's opening up to the outside world, remarkable progress has been scored and a series of important results gained in the international cooperation in the mineral industry.

Rapid Expansion Made in Scientific and Technological Cooperation and Exchange

There are now five forms of scientific and technological cooperation and exchange: ¢Ù exchange of scientists for academic visits and lectures; ¢Ú exchange of specialists for field studies; ¢Û exchange of experts for joint studies on research projects; ¢Ü participation in international conferences held by relevant international organizations and bilateral cooperative meetings; and ¢Ý sending scientists and experts to international geological and mining organizations to serve as leading members or as officials for daily business coordination when appointed or elected.

Since 1976 when the legitimate seat of the Geological Society of China (GSC) in the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) was restored, delegations of the Geological Society of China have attended successively the 25th-29th International Geological Congresses, Standing Council member of GSC Prof. Zhang Binxi and Research Professor Liu Dun'yi have successively been elected IUGS Vice Presidents, Chinese geologists and mining experts have participated in many activities of a number of UN organizations and other international mining organizations, and Chinese mining experts have also repeatedly attended the World Petroleum Congress and World Mining Congress. In addition, China has sponsored successively the International Mineralogical Congress, 14th World Mining Congress, 30th International Geological Congress and 15th World Petroleum Congress. All these activities have not only promoted academic exchanges but also expanded and raised China's influence and position in the international geological and mining circles.

Cooperative studies on subjects related to geology and mining are one of the important items of external cooperation in China's mineral industry. Such cooperative projects have included: Sino-French, Sino-USA and Sino-German cooperative studies on the geology of the Himalayas and Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet) Plateau, Sino-Russian joint regional geological mapping and mineral investigation in border regions, Sino-ROK (Republic of Korea) integrated geological-geophysical investigation and study in the Yellow Sea, Sino-German investigation and studies of the geology of the Sanjiang region and the geology of niobium-tantalum ore deposits in Hunan Province, China-Laos cooperative prospecting for gold ores and potash salt and geochemical mapping and studies, Sino-Japanese groundwater studies in Urumqi and oil-gas cooperative studies in Ordos, Sino-Japanese and Sino-French cooperative studies on oil-gas exploration and development in the Bohai Sea, Sino-USA and Sino-French cooperative studies on subaerial exploration geophysics, Sino-Dutch cooperative studies on the modern sedimentation in the Yellow River delta, sedimentation models and their application to the study of lithofacies sediments, etc. Most of the cooperative research projects have gained good results and contributed to China's scientific and technological progress in geology and mining, the training of Chinese scientific and technical personnel and the improvement of China's management level. In the Sino-French cooperative studies on the geological structure of the Himalayas and the formation and evolution of the upper mantle, for instance, both Chinese and French scientists (68 scientists from France and 146 scientists from China) carried out geological and geophysical investigations in Xizang for a period of three years (1980~1982), obtained a substantative amount of data and thus deepened the knowledge about the geological structure of the Himalayas.